Drug-driving laws: what you need to know

Thanks to decades of high-profile ads, Government campaigns, and hard-hitting headlines, drink-driving is no longer socially acceptable – and rightly so.

However, the problem of drug-driving remains.

And drug-driving doesn’t have to mean illegal drugs, of course. Many motorists drive – perhaps inadvertently – under the influence of unsafe quantities of prescription medication.

Our legal guide explains drug-driving laws, limits and penalties along with other consequences of breaking the law to help you stay safe on the roads.

UK drug-driving laws

There are two laws that relate to drug driving, both are very clear and simple. It’s illegal to drive if:

1. You’re unfit to do so because you’re on legal or illegal drugs, or
2. You have certain levels of illegal drugs in your blood (even if they haven’t affected your driving)

The government takes a three-pronged approach to tackling drug driving in the UK:

• A zero tolerance approach to drugs most associated with illegal use, with limits set at a level where any claims of accidental exposure can be ruled out
• A road safety risk based approach to eight drugs most associated with medical uses
• A separate approach to amphetamine that balances its legitimate use for medical purposes against its abuse

You can find out the exact limits for specific drugs (both legal and illegal) you cannot exceed while driving in our drug-driving limits table below.

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Drug-driving limits

There are limits in place for eight prescription drugs and eight illicit drugs with amphetamines being treated differently.

Illegal drugs

The limits for illegal drugs are set very low so even trace amounts can be detected in order to prosecute offenders.

Legal drugs

Legal drugs are defined as being ‘prescription or over-the-counter medicines’.

And, here more than ever, the advice is ‘always read the label’.

Many medicines can cause tiredness or impair your judgement.

So if there’s any doubt in your mind, check with your doctor or pharmacist before driving.

Below is a table of the limits you cannot exceed while driving on these prescription drugs.

What does this mean in the real world?

These limits are set to just over the level of the normal prescribed dosage.

This means that you can legally drive while taking these drugs, providing you are sticking to their recommended dosages, and they do not impair your driving in any way.

So, if you are using above the standard prescribed dosage for these medicines and driving, you could be breaking the law.

If you are unsure the best thing you can do is contact your local GP.

How do drugs affect your driving?

Drug-driving can be just as dangerous as driving under the influence of alcohol.

And, as you’d expect, different drugs impair driving in different ways.  

Cannabis, for example, slows your reaction time, resulting in longer braking distances.

Cocaine promotes overconfidence, meaning faster driving and greater risk-taking.

And mind-altering drugs such as ecstasy and LSD distort your perception of reality, leaving you unable to judge speed and distance accurately. 

The effects of legal drugs can be less obvious, but don’t underestimate the danger. Above all, drugs and driving don’t mix – so the best advice is to avoid combining the two. 

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What happens if you get pulled over for suspected drug driving?

If the police pull you over on suspicion of drug-driving, they may ask you to take a ‘field impairment assessment’.

This includes various tasks designed to test alertness and coordination.

Examples include walking in a straight-line, standing on one leg, tilting your head back and counting to 30, and touching your finger to your nose with your eyes closed.

They may also use roadside swap tests to check for cannabis and cocaine. 

If when they pull you over they think you’re unfit to drive because of taking drugs, you’ll be arrested and will have to take a blood or urine test at a police station.

If the test results show you have exceeded the limit in either for any of the substances in the tables above you could be charged with a crime.

Likewise if you are under the limits but the police prove your driving has been impaired because of the use of drugs.

What are the penalties for drug-driving?

The penalties for drug-driving are severe. Referring again to Government guidelines, a conviction will result in: 

• A minimum one-year driving ban 
• An unlimited fine 
• Up to six months in prison 
• A criminal record 

The maximum penalty for causing death by careless driving under the influence of drugs is life imprisonment.

What are the other consequences of drug driving?

Any drug-driving offence will remain your driving licence for 11 years, which means hugely increased car insurance premiums and exclusion from certain jobs.

It may also cause problems when travelling to particular countries. 

Aside from the legal and financial implications, let’s not forget that hurting or killing another person as a result of drug-driving will stay on your conscience forever.

Imagine having to face the family of a person you’d killed – however unintentionally – in court. It simply doesn’t bear thinking about. 

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Drug driving data

• Estimated 120 fatalities involved a deceased driver who was over the drug-driving limit for illegal drugs in 2024, a 24% decrease on 2023
• 17% of all deceased drivers had drugs detected in their system in 2024
• 24% of deceased drivers with toxicology information available had drugs detected
• The majority of deceased drivers found over the drug-drive limit were more than twice the legal limit
• 77% of deceased drivers tested had no drugs detected
• Around 10% of deceased drivers tested had drugs present but below the legal limit
• Since 2016, between 12% and 17% of deceased drivers tested have been more than double the drug-drive limit
• The number of deceased drivers with drugs detected fell by 19% compared with 2023
• Despite the recent decline, the number of deceased drivers with drugs detected remains more than 40% higher than in 2014
• Illegal drugs were the most common type detected, followed by query drugs and medicinal drugs
• In 2024, 98 deceased drivers had illegal drugs detected, 59 had query drugs detected, and 20 had medicinal drugs detected
• Illegal drugs were most commonly found in drivers aged 20 to 39
• Drivers in their 30s had more drugs detected than any other age group between 2014 and 2024
• Drug-positive deceased drivers were overwhelmingly male
• Men aged 20 to 39 were the group most likely to have illegal drugs detected
• Cocaine and cannabis were the most frequently recorded illegal drugs in deceased drivers
• Passengers accounted for 51% of non-fatal casualties in collisions involving a deceased driver with drugs detected in 2024
• Police recorded "affected by drugs" as a contributory factor in 9% of fatal collisions in 2024, compared with 10% in 2023
• By comparison, "affected by alcohol" was recorded in 12% to 13% of fatal collisions

The five most commonly detected drugs

1. Cannabis
2. Benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite)
3. Cocaine
4. Ketamine
5. Morphine

^{Source: gov.uk, Drugs in reported road fatalities in Great Britain, data to 2024 (updated 30 July 2026)}