I was the middle car in a three car shunt on the motorway last May. The car in front braked suddenly, I managed to stop with about 2 feet to spare, and was then hit from behind and cannoned into the car in front.
Nine months later and the person who hit me has decided to contest the facts, saying that they ran into me only after I'd already hit the car in front.
My first comment is that, even accepting that you had hit the car in front first, that is irrelevant to the car behind you not being able to stop before hitting your car. That driver was driving too close and/or not paying attention to his front. The damage caused to the rear of your car is still his responsibility.
You then have the separate issue of whether you had stopped BEFORE hitting the car in front, and had been shunted from behind.
I would say that the reason for little damage to the car that hit you is that you were clear of the car in front and then propelled forwards.
If you were already up against the car in front of you, then the resistance from the weight of TWO cars would have caused more damage to the rear of your car, and to the front end of the car that hit you.
It would also have most likely increased the amount of damage suffered by your car and the one in front.
Depending on the outcome, either
(a) your insurers will pay for the damage to your front end and the rear of the car in front, and the insurers of the car behind will pay for
the damage to the rear of your car
OR
(b) If finally accepted that it was the driver of the car behind that shunted you into the car in front of you, then the insurers of the car which hit you will pay the lot.
Hope you get it sorted to your satisfaction.